The Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) is a 153-item self-report and rating measure of Theodore Millon's eight basic personality patterns for use with normal adults and counseling or psychotherapy clients. Because it measures theoretically derived, normal versions of personality disorders found in DSM-IV and DSM-V, a rich description of the respondent's personality may be generated that is applicable to clinical settings. It features a Problem Indicator scale that may be used as a measure of personality problems. The same instrument can be used for self-report or for rating individuals, groups, objects, concepts, etc.
Copyright © 1986, 1990, 2013 by Stephen Strack
Features of the PACL
Purpose: Provide personality assessment based on Theodore Millon's eight basic personality patterns
Length: 153 adjectives
Average completion time: 10-15 minutes
Target population: Ages 16 and older
Administration: For individual or group administration
Uses of the PACL
Scales
Introversive
Inhibited
Cooperative
Sociable
Confident
Forceful
Respectful
Sensitive
Problem Indicator
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Available with PACL License to Administer:
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Note: We cannot assure translation quality — many are made by individual researchers and we are not necessarily familiar with the particular language or dialect. Some of the translations are partial and typically do not have validation data. Basically, we offer whatever is available to facilitate your work.
Publications
Avila, A., & De La Pena, G. (1991). Adjectives in psychological assessment tasks: Instruments and applications in the psychology of emotion and personality. Psychological Assessment: An International Journal, 7, 307-331.
Byravan, A., & Ramanaiah, N.V. (1999). Structure of personality disorders from the perspective of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 scales. Psychological Reports, 85, 1119-1122.
Byravan, A., & Ramanaiah, N.V. (2002). On the incremental validity of MMPI-2 Psychopathology-5 scales over the revised NEO Personality Inventory Scales for predicting personality disorders. Psychological Reports, 90, 1084-1090.
Craig, R.J. (2005). Alternative interpretations for the histrionic, narcissistic, and compulsive personality disorder scales of the MCMI-III. In R.J. Craig (Ed.), New directions in interpreting the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) (pp. 71-93). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Craig, R.J. (2005). Assessing personality and mood with adjective check list methodology: A review. International Journal of Testing, 5, 177-196.
Dyce, J.A. (1994). Personality disorders: Alternatives to the official diagnostic system. Journal of Personality Disorders, 8, 77-88.
Gan, Y., Chen, Z., & Leung, J.P. (1996). Personality profiles of Chinese adolescents measured by the Personality Adjective Checklist. Bulletin of the Hong Kong Psychological Society, 36-37, 69-83.
Gat, I., & McWhirter, B.T. (1998). Personality characteristics of competitive and recreational cyclists. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21, 408-420.
Gontag, R., & Erickson, M.T. (1996). The relationship between Millon's personality types and family system functioning. American Journal of Family Therapy, 24, 215-226.
Gould, S.L., & Hyer, L.A. (2004). Dementia and behavioral disturbance: Does premorbid personality really matter? Psychological Reports, 95, 1072-1078.
Guevara, L.F., & Strack, S. (1998). An examination of Millon's dimensional and stylistic descriptions of normal personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 337-348.
Horton, A.D., & Retzlaff, P.D. (1991). Family assessment: Toward DSM-III-R relevancy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 49-55.
Hyer, L., & Boyd, S. (1996). Personality scales as predictors of older combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Reports, 79, 1040-1042.
McHoskey, J.W., Worzel, W., & Szyarto, C. (1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.
Merenda, P.F., & Fava, J.L. (1994). Role of behaviorally descriptive adjectives in description of personality. Psychological Reports, 74, 259-274.
Millon, T., & Davis, R.D. (1994). Millon's evolutionary model of normal and abnormal personality: Theory and measures. In S. Strack & M. Lorr (Eds.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality (pp. 79-113). New York: Springer.
Moore, S.R., Smith, R.E., & Gonzalez, R. (1997). Personality and judgment heuristics: Contextual and individual difference interactions in social judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 76-83.
Pincus, A.L., & Wiggins, J.S. (1990). Interpersonal problems and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 342-352.
Plante, T.G., & Boccaccini, M.T. (1997). Personality expectations and perceptions of Roman Catholic clergy members. Pastoral Psychology, 45, 301-315.
Primi, R., Carvalho, L., Braido, A.N.G., & Nunes, C.H.S. (2009). Validação da versão brasileira do check list para avaliação da personalidade (PACL). / Brazilian version of the Personality Assessment Check List (PACL) validation. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 25, 377-386.
Qu, X., & Gan, Y. (2012). The relationship between adult attachment and personality traits for Chinese college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 89-92.
Qu, X., Gan, Y., & Shen, X. (2005). The relationship between adolescent personality traits and parental rearing. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13, 288-290.
Strack, S. (1987). Development and validation of an adjective check list to assess the Millon personality types in a normal population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 572-587.
Strack, S. (1991). Factor analysis of MCMI-II and PACL basic personality scales in a college sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 345-355.
Strack, S. (1992). Profile clusters for men and women on the Personality Adjective Check List. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 204-217.
Strack, S. (1993). Measuring Millon's personality styles in normal adults. In R.J. Craig (Ed.), The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory: A clinical research information synthesis (pp. 253-278). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Strack, S. (1994). Relating Millon's basic personality styles and Holland's occupational types. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 41-54.
Strack, S. (1997). The PACL: Gauging normal personality styles. In T.Millon (Ed.), The Millon inventories: Clinical and personality assessment (pp. 477-497). New York: Guilford.
Strack, S. (1999). Millon's normal personality styles and dimensions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 426-436.
Strack, S. (2005). Combined use of the PACL and MCMI-III to assess normal range personality styles. In R.J. Craig (Ed.), New directions in interpreting the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) (pp. 94-128). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Strack, S. (2005). Measuring normal personality the Millon way. In S. Strack (Ed.), Handbook of personology and psychopathology (pp. 272-289). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Strack, S. (Ed.) (2008). Essentials of Millon inventories assessment (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Strack, S. (2008). Using the Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) to gauge normal personality styles. In T. Millon & C. Bloom (Eds.), The Millon Inventories (2nd ed., pp. 609-642). New York: Guilford.
Strack, S., & Guevara, L.F. (1999). Relating PACL measures of Millon's basic personality styles and MMPI-2 scales in patient and normal samples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 895-906.
Strack, S., & Lorr, M. (1990). Item factor structure of the personality adjective check list (PACL). Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 86-94.
Strack, S., & Lorr, M. (1990). Three approaches to interpersonal behavior and their common factors. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 782-790.
Strack, S., Lorr, M., & Campbell, L. (1989, August). Similarities in Millon personality styles among normals and psychiatric patients. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
Strack, S., Lorr, M., & Campbell, L. (1990). An evaluation of Millon's circular model of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 353-361.
Tous, J.M., Pont, N., & Muiños, R. (2006). Factor structure of items from the Personality Adjective Check List in a sample of normal adolescents. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9, 228-233.
Trobst, K.K., Ayearst, L.E., & Salekin, R.T. (2004). Where is the personality in personality disorder assessment? A comparison across four sets of personality disorder scales. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 231-271.
Vincent, K.R. (1990). The relationship between personality disorders, normality and healthy personality: Personality on a continuum. Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 245-250.
Wiggins, J.S., & Broughton, R. (1991). A geometric taxonomy of personality scales. European Journal of Personality, 5, 343-365.
Wiggins, J.S., & Pincus, A.L. (1990). Conceptions of personality disorders and dimensions of personality. JCCP: Psychological Assessment, 1, 305-316.
Wiggins, J.S., & Pincus, A.L. (1994). Personality structure and the structure of personality disorders. In P.T. Costa & T.A. Widiger (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Xiao-yan, Q., Yi-qun, G., & Xiu-qiong, S. (2005). The relationship between adolesecent personality traits and parental rearing. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13, 288-290.
Zhang, Y., & Gan, Y. (2006). Effects of perfectionism on depression and a moderating role of personality. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14, 381-383.